What You Need To Know About Land Records In India | who is patwari ?
Land record is the record of land ownership rights.,
What You Need To Know About Land Records In India | who is patwari ? ,police or land record kee
What You Need To Know About Land Records In India
Many conflicts in our society need the intervention of other authorities like police or land record keepers,to be resolved.In this post, we will know the role of land record keeper and maintenance of land records in India.
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| Land Records In India | who is patwari ? । khasra |
Here are few stories about land dispute and how the police and land officers handled the situation.
How Panel resolves land dispute in Bidar ?
Bidar: The police and officials of the district administration organised a peace committee meeting in Dubalgundi village in Humnabad Taluk on Wednesday to resolve a dispute regarding the allocation of revenue land to a local mosque. While the managing committee of the Jam-e-Masjid, Idgah, and the graveyard of the village claims that 5.70 hectares of land in Survey No. 228 belongs to it, Hindus in the village, led by the Gram Panchayat members have contested the claim. They said that only 2.4 hectares of the land was given to the masjid by the land grant tribunal. The rest, they say, was earmarked for the construction of a bus stand, a playground and a vegetable market.
How Land dispute leads to armed clash in panipat ?
Panipat: Dispute over possession of some
agricultural land in Garhi Balore village of Panipat turned violent when villagers clashed with around 30 heavily armed youths on Sunday. The youths reportedly fired in the air several times to, terrorise the villagers. The villagers however succeeded in folling their attempt to take control of the land, and burned down three tractors and damaged a car belonging to them. Three people were injured.
The incident was reported to the police the next day. Sources said that one A Begum, now settled in Aligarh, was the original owner of the disputed land. Police are now investigating the case. Records kept by the patwari would also be checked to settle the dispute.
If you are a victim of land fraud,or any crime it is your duty to file a complaint in the local police station.
Here ,How can you report a crime and lodge a FIR
Reporting a crime
For every police station, be it in towns or villages, there are only some areas that come under its control. People within an area can report cases or inform the police about any theft, accident, injury, fight, etc, only in the police stations which cover their areas. For example, if you live in Ashok Nagar in Delhi and want to report a theft in your locality, you need to go only to the police station that covers the Ashok Nagar area. A report will not be lodged at any other police station. Then it is the responsibility of the police of that station to investigate, enquire and take action on the cases within its area.
FIR
The written complaint lodged with the police is known as an FIR or first information report. It is
an important document because it is only after the FIR is registered in the police station that the police start the investigation process. The police may not investigate the case even if you have filed an FIR, if the case is not of a serious nature or if the police feel that there is not enough ground to investigate. However, the police must record the reasons for not doing so.
To prevent crimes and to punish the offenders, a police force is required. The highest police officer at the district level is the superintendent of police. She/He is helped by other police officers in maintaining law and order in the district. In a police station, the station house officers (SHO) are in charge of the police stations. Under her/ him, we find several constables whe carry out her/his orders. The main function of the local police is to maintain law and order in their respective areas.
Now let's move to our main topic land records.
What is Land Records?
Land record is the record of land ownership rights. Today the term is defined broadly. You can have a right over your land. But, it is useless if you cannot prove that you have the right to the land. That’s why you need to maintain land records. Land records are kept by government agencies, land owners, communities, and local authorities. In simple words, when a person develops some land, a record is made and copies are given to the landowners. This process helps the government officials to keep track of lands.
Who is Land Records Keeper?
India has a tradition of land records, dating back centuries. The official title of Land Records Keeper (also known as Deeds Registrar or GARU) in India is Estate Surveyor and Graziers who is empowered to certify transfers of land and documents, carry out surveys and survey transactions related to land. Where Are They Located? Most of the land records keepers are located in the districts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.In big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Bangalore, there is a branch of land records.
What is Important in Their Role?
The Role of Land Records Keeper
Land records are a vital part of any country’s development.It is a legal obligation to maintain the records of properties. The act of maintaining records makes sure that your property does not get attached in the future by those who do not own it at the moment. India has a huge population, thus, there are many people who own several properties in a single village. There are also people who need to lease or rent their properties. This means, there would be some properties where the whole lease period expires and people want their other properties to be protected by the land record keeper who handles their property. The major responsibilities of land record keepers are to track the history of ownership of the land and also to verify and rectify the land records of the owners of the land.
Maintenance of Land Records
India’s population is 1.2 billion people with only 12 million government officials. This is why maintaining a record of all the land is a critical job for government officials. According to government records, there are more than 18,000 government offices that are responsible for maintaining land records. Moreover, according to official records, land worth Rs 25,000 crore is lost to land grab every year. So it is not just a matter of enforcing laws but also a matter of knowing the details about land ownership.
Land Records in India
The way land records work in India is as follows- 1. Land is divided into three types- fee simple, fee simple part (10 acres or less), fee simple part part (five acres or less) and pattadar fee simple (30 acres or less).
People in the village are dependent on land. Hence, there are bound to be conflicts related to land and its acquisition. Such land disputes are settled by the village sarpanch with the help of land record officers and the police. We have already seen how the police can help settle a case.
People in the village are dependent on land. Hence, there are bound to be conflicts related to land and its acquisition. Such land disputes are settled by the village sarpanch with the help of land record officers and the police. We have already seen how the police can help settle a case.
Now we shall take a look at the role of the land record officer called patwari in the village.
Patwari is an important and effective official at the village level. She/He is often known by different names in different areas. In some villages she/he is known as lekhpal while at others she/he is known as karamchari or a village officer .
A patwari has three chief duties.
1. Maintenance of records of the crops grown at every harvest.
Patwari
Patwari is an important and effective official at the village level. She/He is often known by different names in different areas. In some villages she/he is known as lekhpal while at others she/he is known as karamchari or a village officer .
Duties of patwari
A patwari has three chief duties.
1. Maintenance of records of the crops grown at every harvest.
2. Maintaining and updating the records of rights, that is, who owns which field in the village and who would inherit it .
3. Measuring land and organising the collection of land revenue from the farmers. She/He also provides information to the government about crops based on harvest inspection.
It is the responsibility of the patwari to report at once all serious calamities affecting the land or the crops and all severe outbreaks of diseases amongst men and beasts. She/He must aid the headman in revenue collection. She/He keeps a diary and a workbook. The entries should be made on the day on which the events come to the notice of the patwari.
The patwari is responsible for the safe custody of all the records, maps and equipments of the area that are in her/his charge. In the workbook, she/he enters the work done by her/him on each day. Farmers may change the crops cultivated by them or facilities like wells or tube wells may be dug at places where they did not exist earlier. Therefore, it becomes important that the patwari keeps her/his records updated. Her His work is supervised by the field kanungo, the sadar kanungo and the circle revenue officer.
including maps, etc, helps to resolve any dispute in
the village that relates to property and its ownership One such record is the khas it is a register of harvest inspections (parhtaat. The patwas conducts the field harvest inspections in the month of October, February and April, wherein she he records facts regarding crops grown, soil classification and cultivable capacity of the cultivators. The first six monthly inspection starting from 1 October is called kharif porttaal while the second commencing from 1 February is called rabi parhtoal. In the month of April the zoid parhaal is done.
Khasra is the register of harvest inspection
which the patwarl conducts in the months of October, February and April.
The khasra number is the plot number given to a specific piece of land in the village. The khosre numbers in a village are created once the settlement of the village starts. The settlement officials take the village as a whole and on its map start from northeast and allot a number to each and every plot in each direction and reach the northeast direction again after allotting a number to each plat in all the directions
All Indian states are divided into a number of districts. At the head of the district administration is the District Collector or Deputy Commissioner The districts are further subdivided to facilitate administration. These subdivisions are known
as tehsil, taluka, etc. These are headed by other officers under the district collector known as tehsildars, kanungos, lekhpals or patwaris. These officers resolve the disputes. Moreover, they sho supervise the work of the patwaris and check that the land revenue is properly assessed and collected by them. Tehsildar's office is also the place where land disputes are heard If the parties involved are not satisfied with the decision they can go to the district court. But such cases are very rare as generally land disputes are settled at the local level itself
When it comes to inheritance of agricultural property it is generally the men who benefit. An agricultural property is divided among the sons of a family while the daughters are excluded. To remove this discrimination, the government has changed the existing law of inheritance. It is known as the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 t came into force on 9 September 2005 The 2005 Act brings all agricultural land at par with other property and makes Hindu women's inheritance rights on land legally equal to those of men in all the states. This can benefit millions of women dependent on agriculture for their survival. The act also gives all daughters (married or not) the right to reside in or seek partition of the family house. Earlier married women did not even have the right to reside at their parents' home and unmarried daughters had residence but no right in the partitioned property.
This law has helped women to be at par with men as far as the agricultural and residential property is concerned.
There are many things to keep in mind to preserve the land record. One must research and know the rules and regulations that govern the land registration system. Take the time to understand and take care of the land title document and its maintenance before you dispose it off or sell it.
FIR: Stands for First information Report written document prepared by the police and contains the complaint lodged by a victim.
Responsibilities of patwari
It is the responsibility of the patwari to report at once all serious calamities affecting the land or the crops and all severe outbreaks of diseases amongst men and beasts. She/He must aid the headman in revenue collection. She/He keeps a diary and a workbook. The entries should be made on the day on which the events come to the notice of the patwari.
The patwari is responsible for the safe custody of all the records, maps and equipments of the area that are in her/his charge. In the workbook, she/he enters the work done by her/him on each day. Farmers may change the crops cultivated by them or facilities like wells or tube wells may be dug at places where they did not exist earlier. Therefore, it becomes important that the patwari keeps her/his records updated. Her His work is supervised by the field kanungo, the sadar kanungo and the circle revenue officer.
The maintenance of land records by the patwari
including maps, etc, helps to resolve any dispute in
the village that relates to property and its ownership One such record is the khas it is a register of harvest inspections (parhtaat. The patwas conducts the field harvest inspections in the month of October, February and April, wherein she he records facts regarding crops grown, soil classification and cultivable capacity of the cultivators. The first six monthly inspection starting from 1 October is called kharif porttaal while the second commencing from 1 February is called rabi parhtoal. In the month of April the zoid parhaal is done.
Khasra
Khasra is the register of harvest inspection
which the patwarl conducts in the months of October, February and April.
The khasra number is the plot number given to a specific piece of land in the village. The khosre numbers in a village are created once the settlement of the village starts. The settlement officials take the village as a whole and on its map start from northeast and allot a number to each and every plot in each direction and reach the northeast direction again after allotting a number to each plat in all the directions
Administration of a district
All Indian states are divided into a number of districts. At the head of the district administration is the District Collector or Deputy Commissioner The districts are further subdivided to facilitate administration. These subdivisions are known
as tehsil, taluka, etc. These are headed by other officers under the district collector known as tehsildars, kanungos, lekhpals or patwaris. These officers resolve the disputes. Moreover, they sho supervise the work of the patwaris and check that the land revenue is properly assessed and collected by them. Tehsildar's office is also the place where land disputes are heard If the parties involved are not satisfied with the decision they can go to the district court. But such cases are very rare as generally land disputes are settled at the local level itself
Important : New Inheritance Law
When it comes to inheritance of agricultural property it is generally the men who benefit. An agricultural property is divided among the sons of a family while the daughters are excluded. To remove this discrimination, the government has changed the existing law of inheritance. It is known as the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 t came into force on 9 September 2005 The 2005 Act brings all agricultural land at par with other property and makes Hindu women's inheritance rights on land legally equal to those of men in all the states. This can benefit millions of women dependent on agriculture for their survival. The act also gives all daughters (married or not) the right to reside in or seek partition of the family house. Earlier married women did not even have the right to reside at their parents' home and unmarried daughters had residence but no right in the partitioned property.
This law has helped women to be at par with men as far as the agricultural and residential property is concerned.
Conclusion
There are many things to keep in mind to preserve the land record. One must research and know the rules and regulations that govern the land registration system. Take the time to understand and take care of the land title document and its maintenance before you dispose it off or sell it.
FIR: Stands for First information Report written document prepared by the police and contains the complaint lodged by a victim.
